Goldman Sachs (GS)
Financials · $261B market cap · SEC CIK 0000886982
ahead of 58% of the S&P 500 · #33 of 76 in Financials
Next reports on Apr 12, 2027, with analysts expecting $19.59 in earnings per share.
52-week range $754.00 to $1,154. 21% below its 52-week high and 21% above its low.
The case for GS
- Cheap for its growth: 11.8× earnings, where 10%+ a year of growth plus a 3.2% dividend would justify about 28×.
- Revenue growing 10.5% year over year.
- Earnings per share up 39.6%.
- Pays a 3.2% dividend while you wait.
- Has compounded revenue at 17.3% a year over five years.
- Return on equity of 18%.
The case against
- Stability is weak (42/100): beta 1.31, a 35% swing over the year.
- Weakest against its peers: net margin of 16% is thinner than 62% of Financials companies.
What the score is made of
Each factor is half a curve over reported figures and half a rank among the other Financials companies (momentum is judged against fixed thresholds only), and the five are blended by weight. The score is where that blend places it in the S&P 500. It describes the last filing and the current price. It is not a forecast.
| Valuewhat you pay for the earnings and cash, against the growth you get | 67 |
|---|---|
| Growthhow fast revenue and earnings are moving, this year and over five | 82 |
| Profitabilityhow much of the revenue becomes profit, and how much of that is cash | 50 |
| Momentumhow the price has behaved lately | 44 |
| Stabilityhow violently it moves, what it owes and what it pays you | 42 |
- Its debt and cash flow are not scored, as for every company in the Financials sector: for banks, insurers and brokers, borrowing is the business.
- Each factor except momentum is half fixed thresholds, half rank among the 76 Financials companies.
The financials
Revenue growth
Is the business growing? Yes
| Last 12 months | +10.5% |
|---|---|
| Over 5 years | +17.3% a year |
| FY2025 revenue | $58.3B (+9%) |
Free cash flow
Is it generating real cash? Not meaningful for a financial company
Profit margins
Is profitability improving? No, slipping
| Gross margin | 42% |
|---|---|
| Operating margin | 20% |
| Net margin, FY24 → FY25 → now | 26.7% → 29.5% → 15.8% |
Debt vs. cash
Is the balance sheet healthy? Not judged for a financial company
| Cash | $164B |
|---|---|
| Long-term debt | n/a |
| Net cash | n/a |
Valuation
Is the stock price reasonable? Yes, it looks cheap
| P/E | 11.8× |
|---|---|
| Fair P/E for its growth | 28× |
| Price / book | 2.10× |
| Fair P/B for its ROE | 1.8× |
| Forward P/E | 12.1× |
| EV / EBITDA | 49.8× |
At 11.8× earnings it trades well below the 28× that 10%+ a year of growth plus a 3.2% dividend would justify. At 2.10× book it trades close to the 1.8× that its 18% return on equity would justify; for a financial company that counts for more than earnings.
The financials, five years deep
Pulled from Goldman Sachs's XBRL filings on SEC EDGAR. Italic rows are worked out from the others.
| FY2025 | FY2024 | FY2023 | FY2022 | FY2021 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue growth | |||||
| Revenue | $58.3B | $53.5B | $46.3B | $47.4B | $59.3B |
| Change on the year | +9% | +16% | −2% | −20% | — |
| Free cash flow | |||||
| Free cash flow | −$47.2B | −$15.3B | −$14.9B | $5.0B | $1.6B |
| Of revenue | −81% | −29% | −32% | 10% | 3% |
| Profit margins | |||||
| Net margin | 29.5% | 26.7% | 18.4% | 23.8% | 36.5% |
| Debt vs. cash | |||||
| Cash | $164B | $182B | $242B | $242B | $261B |
What Goldman Sachs says it does
Introduction Goldman Sachs is a leading global financial institution that delivers a broad range of financial services to a large and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals. Our purpose is to advance sustainable economic growth and financial opportunity. Our goal, reflected in our One Goldman Sachs initiative, is to deliver the full range of our services and expertise to support our clients in a more accessible, comprehensive and efficient manner, across businesses and product areas. When we use the terms “Goldman Sachs,” “we,” “us,” “our” and “the firm,” we mean The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (Group Inc. or parent company), a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries. When we use the term “our subsidiaries,” we mean the consolidated subsidiaries of Group Inc. References to “this Form 10-K” are to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,…
Risk factors GS lists in its 10-K
- Market Developments and General Business Environment
- Our businesses have been and may in the future be adversely affected by conditions in the global financial markets and broader economic conditions
- Our market-making activities have been and may in the future be affected by changes in the levels of market volatility
- Inflation has had and could in the future have a negative effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition
- Our liquidity, profitability and businesses may be adversely affected by an inability to access the debt capital markets or to sell assets
- Reductions in our credit ratings or an increase in our credit spreads may adversely affect our liquidity and cost of funding
- Group Inc. is a holding company and its liquidity depends on payments and loans from its subsidiaries, many of which are subject to legal, regulatory and other restrictions on providing funds or assets to Group Inc
- Our businesses, profitability and liquidity may be adversely affected by deterioration in the credit quality of or defaults by third parties
- Concentration of risk increases the potential for significant losses in our market-making, underwriting, investing and financing activities
- Derivative transactions and delayed documentation or settlements expose us to credit risk, unexpected risks and potential losses
- A failure or disruption in our infrastructure, or in the operational systems or infrastructure of third parties, could impair our liquidity, disrupt our businesses, damage our reputation and cause losses
- The development and use of AI present risks and challenges that may adversely impact our business
- We have in the past incurred and may in the future incur losses as a result of ineffective risk management processes and strategies
- Our businesses and those of our clients are subject to extensive and pervasive regulation around the world
- A failure to appropriately identify and address potential conflicts of interest has in the past adversely affected and may in the future adversely affect our businesses
- We may be adversely affected by governmental and regulatory scrutiny or negative publicity
- In conducting our businesses around the world, we are subject to political, legal, regulatory, tax and other risks that are inherent in operating in many countries
- The application of Group Inc.’s proposed resolution strategy could result in greater losses for Group Inc.’s security holders
- Our results have been and may in the future be adversely affected by the composition of our client base
- The financial services industry is highly competitive
- The growth of electronic trading and the introduction of new products and technologies, including trading and distributed ledger technologies, such as cryptocurrencies, and AI technologies, has increased competition
- Our businesses would be adversely affected if we are unable to hire and retain qualified employees
- Our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations have been adversely affected by disruptions in the global economy caused by conflicts, and related sanctions and other developments
- Certain of our businesses and our funding instruments may be adversely affected by changes in reference rates, currencies, indexes, baskets or ETFs to which products we offer or funding that we raise are linked
- We face enhanced risks as we operate in new locations and transact with a broader array of clients and counterparties
- We may not be able to fully realize the expected benefits or synergies from acquisitions, joint ventures or other business initiatives in the time frames we expect, or at all