General Motors (GM)
Consumer Discretionary · $75.6B market cap · SEC CIK 0001467858
ahead of 27% of the S&P 500 · #33 of 48 in Consumer Discretionary
Next reports on Jan 27, 2027, after the close, with analysts expecting $2.66 in earnings per share.
52-week range $67.06 to $93.70. 5% below its 52-week high and 32% above its low.
The case for GM
- Free cash flow of 23.2% of its market value a year: a lot of cash for the price.
- Earnings per share up 35.7%.
- Trades at 1.04× book value, close to what the balance sheet says it owns.
- Pays a modest 1.3% dividend.
- Price/sales of 0.4× is lower than 98% of Consumer Discretionary companies.
The case against
- Expensive for its growth: 19.1× earnings, where 0% a year of growth plus a 1.3% dividend would justify about 10×.
- Return on equity of only 6%.
- Revenue was flat on the year (−0.3%).
- Net margin of 2.1% leaves very little room for error.
What the score is made of
Each factor is half a curve over reported figures and half a rank among the other Consumer Discretionary companies (momentum is judged against fixed thresholds only), and the five are blended by weight. The score is where that blend places it in the S&P 500. It describes the last filing and the current price. It is not a forecast.
| Valuewhat you pay for the earnings and cash, against the growth you get | 57 |
|---|---|
| Growthhow fast revenue and earnings are moving, this year and over five | 44 |
| Profitabilityhow much of the revenue becomes profit, and how much of that is cash | 22 |
| Momentumhow the price has behaved lately | 70 |
| Stabilityhow violently it moves, what it owes and what it pays you | 55 |
- Each factor except momentum is half fixed thresholds, half rank among the 48 Consumer Discretionary companies.
The financials
Revenue growth
Is the business growing? No, flat
| Last 12 months | −0.3% |
|---|---|
| Over 5 years | +8.6% a year |
| FY2025 revenue | $185B (−1%) |
Free cash flow
Is it generating real cash? Yes
| FY2025 free cash flow | $17.6B |
|---|---|
| Of revenue | 9% |
| Of profit | 651% |
Profit margins
Is profitability improving? No, slipping
| Gross margin | 7% |
|---|---|
| Operating margin | 2% |
| Net margin, FY24 → FY25 → now | 3.2% → 1.5% → 2.1% |
Debt vs. cash
Is the balance sheet healthy? Stretched
| Cash | $20.9B |
|---|---|
| Long-term debt | n/a |
| Net cash | n/a |
| Years to repay | n/a |
| Debt / equity | 2.05× |
Valuation
Is the stock price reasonable? Mixed: dear on earnings, cheap on cash
| P/E | 19.1× |
|---|---|
| Fair P/E for its growth | 10× |
| P/FCF | 4.3× |
| Forward P/E | 6.0× |
| EV / EBITDA | 10.6× |
At 19.1× earnings it trades well above the 10× that 0% a year of growth plus a 1.3% dividend would justify. At 4.3× free cash flow it trades well below that same mark.
The financials, five years deep
Pulled from General Motors's XBRL filings on SEC EDGAR. Italic rows are worked out from the others.
| FY2025 | FY2024 | FY2023 | FY2022 | FY2021 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue growth | |||||
| Revenue | $185B | $187B | $172B | $157B | $127B |
| Change on the year | −1% | +9% | +10% | +23% | — |
| Free cash flow | |||||
| Free cash flow | $17.6B | $9.3B | $10.0B | $6.8B | $7.7B |
| Of revenue | 9% | 5% | 6% | 4% | 6% |
| Profit margins | |||||
| Operating margin | 1.6% | 6.8% | 5.4% | 6.6% | 7.3% |
| Net margin | 1.5% | 3.2% | 5.9% | 6.3% | 7.9% |
| Debt vs. cash | |||||
| Cash | $20.9B | $19.9B | $18.9B | $19.2B | $20.1B |
What General Motors says it does
Motors Company (sometimes referred to as we, our, us, ourselves, the Company, General Motors, or GM) was incorporated as a Delaware corporation in 2009. We design, build, and sell trucks, crossovers, cars, and automobile parts and provide software-enabled services and subscriptions worldwide. Our automotive operations meet the demands of our customers through our segments: GM North America (GMNA) and GM International (GMI) with vehicles developed, manufactured, and/or marketed under the Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, and GMC brands. We also have equity ownership stakes in entities that meet the demands of customers in other countries, primarily in China, with vehicles developed, manufactured, and/or marketed under the Baojun, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, and Wuling brands. In December 2024, we announced that we would no longer fund Cruise's robotaxi development work and will refocus our autonomous driving strategy on personal vehicles and,…
Risk factors GM lists in its 10-K
- If we do not deliver new products, services, technologies, and customer experiences in response to increased competition and changing consumer needs and preferences, our business could suffer
- Our ability to attract and retain talented and highly skilled employees is critical to our success and competitiveness
- Our ability to maintain profitability is dependent upon our ability to timely fund and introduce new and improved vehicle models that are able to attract a sufficient number of consumers
- Our long-term EV strategy is dependent upon our ability to profitably deliver a strategic portfolio of EVs
- The success of our long-term EV strategy is dependent on consumer adoption of EVs
- Our near-term profitability is dependent upon the success of our current line of vehicles, particularly our full-size ICE SUVs and full-size ICE pickup trucks
- We refocused our AV strategy on personal vehicles and the execution of this strategy is dependent upon our ability to successfully mitigate unique technological, operational, regulatory, and competitive risks
- Our business is highly dependent upon global automobile market sales volume, which can be volatile
- Our business in China subjects us to unique operational, competitive, regulatory, and economic risks
- The international scale and footprint of our operations expose us to additional risks
- Any significant disruption at one of our manufacturing facilities could disrupt our production schedule
- Disruption in our suppliers’ operations have disrupted, and could in the future disrupt, our production schedule
- Security breaches and other disruptions of our in-vehicle systems could impact the safety of our customers and reduce confidence in GM and its products
- We could be materially adversely affected by unusual or significant litigation, governmental investigations, or other proceedings
- The costs and effect on our reputation of product safety recalls and alleged defects in products and services could materially adversely affect our business
- We may incur additional tax expense, become subject to additional tax exposure, or fail to fully realize available tax incentives
- We rely on GM Financial to provide financial services to our customers and dealers